અમેરિકામાં જ્યોર્જ વોશિંગ્ટનને પ્રથમ વખત રાષ્ટ્રપતિ તરીકે બોલાવવામાં આવ્યા હતા
અધીર રંજન ચૌધરીની રાષ્ટ્રપતિ વિશેની ટિપ્પણી પર વિવાદ ચાલુ છે. આ ટિપ્પણી બાદ ભાજપના નેતાઓએ સંસદથી લઈને શેરી સુધી પ્રદર્શન કર્યું. અધિરે રાષ્ટ્રપતિને પત્ર લખીને લેખિતમાં માફી પણ માંગી હતી, પરંતુ આજ સુધી આ વિવાદ ઉકેલાયો નથી. ભાજપ સોનિયા ગાંધીની માફી માંગવાની પોતાની માંગ પર અડગ છે. સમગ્ર વિવાદ રાષ્ટ્રપતિ શબ્દને લઈને થઈ રહ્યો છે.
આવી સ્થિતિમાં રાષ્ટ્રપતિ શબ્દની ઉત્પત્તિ અને ઉપયોગ પર પણ સવાલો ઉઠવા લાગ્યા છે. લોકો જાણવા માંગે છે કે દેશના વડાને રાષ્ટ્રપતિ કેમ કહેવામાં આવે છે ? આ પદ પર મહિલા હોય ત્યારે પણ ? તે ક્યાંથી શરૂ થયું અને તેનો ઇતિહાસ શું છે ?
રાષ્ટ્રપતિ શબ્દનો ઇતિહાસ
રાષ્ટ્રપતિને અંગ્રેજીમાં પ્રેસિડેન્ટ કહે છે. આ શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ સૌપ્રથમ અમેરિકામાં લોકશાહી દેશના શાસક માટે થયો હતો. જ્યોર્જ વોશિંગ્ટનને પ્રથમ વખત રાષ્ટ્રપતિ તરીકે બોલાવવામાં આવ્યા હતા. આ શબ્દ ફ્રેન્ચ અને લેટિન શબ્દોના મિશ્રણથી બનેલો છે.
તેના બે અર્થ છે – અધ્યક્ષતા, એટલે કે સભા અથવા આવા કાર્યક્રમનું સંચાલન કરનાર સર્વોચ્ચ વ્યક્તિ અથવા આદેશ આપનાર. ‘કોલિન્સ’ શબ્દકોશ મુજબ, રાષ્ટ્રપતિ શબ્દ દેશના સંદર્ભમાં સર્વોચ્ચ રાજકીય પદને દર્શાવે છે.
અમેરિકાની જેમ વિશ્વમાં જ્યાં લોકશાહીની શરૂઆત થઈ ત્યાં દેશમાં ટોચના હોદ્દા પર બેઠેલી વ્યક્તિ રાષ્ટ્રપતિ તરીકે ઓળખાવા લાગી. બ્રિટનમાં લોકશાહી પ્રણાલી અપનાવ્યા પછી પણ, રાજા અને રાણીને પ્રતીકાત્મક રીતે ટોચના સ્થાને ગણવામાં આવતા હતા, તેથી ત્યાં લોકશાહી રીતે ચૂંટાયેલા અસરકારક રાજ્યના વડાને વડા પ્રધાન કહેવામાં આવે છે.
આ સિસ્ટમ સામાન્ય રીતે એવા દેશોમાં ચાલે છે જે એક સમયે બ્રિટિશ રાજ હેઠળ હતા. તેથી, કોમનવેલ્થ સંસ્થાના જે દેશો રાણીને તેમના બંધારણીય વડા માનતા નથી, ત્યાં ટોચના પદ પર રાષ્ટ્રપતિ હોય છે. વડા પ્રધાન કેબિનેટના વડા છે અને દેશનું શાસન ચલાવે છે. ભારતમાં પણ, રાજ્યના વડા રાષ્ટ્રપતિ છે, જ્યારે કેબિનેટના વડા વડાપ્રધાન છે.
ભારતની બંધારણ સભાએ મહોર મારી
આઝાદી પહેલા બંધારણ સભામાં ‘રાષ્ટ્રપતિ’ શબ્દની ચર્ચા થતી હતી. ત્યારે પણ એવું કહેવામાં આવ્યું હતું કે અંગ્રેજીમાં પ્રેસિડેન્ટ ઠીક છે, પરંતુ હિન્દીમાં રાષ્ટ્રપતિ શબ્દ યોગ્ય નહીં હોય. એવી ચિંતા પણ વ્યક્ત કરવામાં આવી હતી કે જો કોઈ મહિલા આ પદ પર બિરાજશે તો તેને શું કહેવામાં આવશે?
જુલાઈ 1947માં રાષ્ટ્રપતિ શબ્દને બદલે ‘રાષ્ટ્રનેતા’ અથવા ‘રાષ્ટ્રકર્ણધાર’ જેવા શબ્દો રાષ્ટ્રપતિના હિન્દી સંસ્કરણ તરીકે સૂચવવામાં આવ્યા હતા. જો કે, આ અંગે સહમતિ બની શકી નથી. આ મામલો એક સમિતિને સોંપવામાં આવ્યો હતો. બાદમાં નિર્ણય લેવામાં આવ્યો કે ભારતના રાષ્ટ્રપતિ માટે હિન્દીમાં માત્ર રાષ્ટ્રપતિ શબ્દનો ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવશે.
ડિસેમ્બર 1948માં ફરી ચર્ચા શરૂ થઈ. પછી ડૉ. ભીમરાવ આંબેડકરે આ માટે ઘણી ભાષાઓના શબ્દો ઉમેરીને બંધારણના મુસદ્દામાં ‘A President of Hind’ રાખવાનું સૂચન કર્યું. અંગ્રેજીના ડ્રાફ્ટમાં તેને રાષ્ટ્રપતિ તરીકે રાખવામાં આવ્યો હતો અને હિન્દીના ડ્રાફ્ટમાં તેને ‘A President of Hind’ તરીકે નિયુક્ત કરવામાં આવ્યો હતો. જ્યાં દેશ માટે હિંદનો ઉપયોગ થતો હતો અને દેશના ટોચના પદ માટે રાષ્ટ્રપતિનો ઉપયોગ થતો હતો. જો કે, જ્યારે આ અંગે પણ કોઈ સમજૂતી ન થઈ ત્યારે હિન્દીના ડ્રાફ્ટમાં ‘પ્રધાન’ અને ઉર્દૂના ડ્રાફ્ટમાં ‘સરદાર’ લખવામાં આવ્યું હતું.
બંધારણ સભાના સભ્ય કે.ટી.શાહે પણ આ મુદ્દો ઉઠાવ્યો હતો. તેમણે રાષ્ટ્રપતિ માટે ‘ચીફ એક્ઝિક્યુટિવ’ અને ‘રાષ્ટ્રના વડા’ શબ્દોનો ઉપયોગ કરવાનું સૂચન કર્યું. આ અંગે સહમતિ બની શકી નથી. અંતે પં. જવાહરલાલ નેહરુએ અંગ્રેજીમાં ‘પ્રેસિડેન્ટ’ અને હિન્દીમાં ‘રાષ્ટ્રપતિ’ શબ્દની મહોર મારી.
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However, the trouble is value it, as a muscular back immediately stands out and demands
consideration. Then you undoubtedly decided what you need
as a end result of truth on this submit you’ll find the P90X workout sheets, P90X calendar, and some hints and tips on how
exactly to perform them. You can proceed utilizing this exercise for as long as
you’d like, so lengthy as you retain progressing week to week.
In reality, we might go as far as to say that the back is considered one of the most essential muscle groups round, which is why
we put collectively this back-breaking (kidding, kidding)
routine. Since restoration is very important, every day again workout routines aren’t typically suggested.
If you want to bulk up, then working on your again is essential to building and sustaining your general body.
The greatest back exercises for males are these that focus on building strength and size
in the back muscular tissues. There is not any meaningful difference between the workout routines that men and women should perform to enhance the
strength of their backs. Women can construct muscle using exactly the identical workouts as males.
Males are usually looking to grow the dimensions of
their backs and get that coveted “V” form.
Pull the bar in the course of your higher chest by contracting your biceps and higher
again muscle tissue. The pulldown movement is similar to
a pull-up, and works similar muscle groups.
Newbie set recommendations range from 5-10 reps per set up to
two units at a reasonable weight. Intermediate lat pulldown exercises increase weight and
volume, up to reps over 3-5 sets. More superior packages push
to near fail with high quantity (up to 25 reps) and reasonable weight.
These workout routines goal every muscle group to provide the toned arms and back
you want. With minimal tools needed, you’ll find a way to try these workouts at residence or at your
favorite fitness center. Finding a complete again and shoulder workout with dumbbells could be a challenging
task. When attempting to sculpt the perfect back,
we normally think of lat pulldowns and row machines
as the primary pieces of kit.
1-arm cable lateral raises goal the lateral (“middle) deltoid, though the opposite heads of the deltoid—the anterior and posterior heads—are additionally loaded. We often embrace it in our best shoulder exercise suggestions, as it is a good way to isolate the shoulder. An efficient workout routine must include at least one train for every muscle group. For the back and shoulders, you must carry out no less than one train for the front delt, aspect delt, posterior delt, trapezius, and latissimus dorsi. Start your again exercise with three strict units of reps to get your lats fired up. Once More we will distinction this with working the chest and shoulders together.
As a end result, you’ll have greater efficiency in the gym because you’ll find a way to carry out the workouts back-to-back without compromising your power on subsequent units. If you’re looking for other workout ideas on your decrease arms, then try these full health guides for some inspiration. Each information has clearly laid out routines and is packed full of coaching tips and mistakes to keep away from so that you simply at all times obtain the most effective results. Now we’re moving onto supersets so that we will accumulate loads of coaching volume with out spending an extreme amount of time in the gym. Thus, we also keep away from creating extreme systemic (whole body) fatigue. Since the shoulders and forearms have drastically completely different features, I encourage extremely coaching them back-to-back.
References:
is androgen a steroid
Trenbolone is a potent steroid and must be used with
caution to keep away from adverse unwanted effects. Consult
with a healthcare skilled and take steps to mitigate potential unwanted effects to make sure a secure and successful cycle.
If you’re looking for a safe and authorized
various to trenbolone, there are a quantity of options
out there available on the market.
But don’t be stunned if you find guys talking about taking 500
or 850mg – firstly, they could possibly be very unfastened with the reality.
Secondly, if excessive doses are taken, it’s usually for a minimal amount of time before the side
effects turn out to be unbearable. Many people aren’t aware that there are three
totally different esters of Trenbolone. However there are two others, and those with more steroid expertise
will typically give them a go if you may get your palms on it.
It’s important to pay attention to the variations because
every ester can provide you a unique experience of Trenbolone.
In contrast, essentially the most acquainted ester of Trenbolone Acetate is a veterinary product
for use in livestock within the US to aid in the development of more muscle mass within the months earlier than they are slaughtered.
As A Outcome Of of the widespread use of Trenbolone Acetate in the beef cattle
business, it’s a steroid that isn’t troublesome to come back by.
Negma Laboratories produced Parabolan within the 1960s which was made
with the identical energetic hormones as Finajet and Finaject.
If you are excited about learning more about your hormone profile, order our
Sports Performance Hormone Take A Look At. One variation is most popular
by sure athletes, whereas others choose one other. Meanwhile, Trenbolone
Hexahydrobenzylcarbonate is much less widespread than Trenbolone Enanthate and Trenbolone Acetate.
MyoD is a key mediator of preliminary myogenesis, whereas MHC is the marker
of mature myotubes (38,39). We observed the
expression of MyoD was enhanced in cattle MDSC after trenbolone
therapy. Immunocytochemistry staining with
anti-MHC additionally indicated that trenbolone promoted
the formation of myotubes. When the androgen receptor was blocked by cyproterone
acetate, the myogenic impact of trenbolone was blocked.
These data indicate that trenbolone promotes myogenesis in cultured cattle cells,
which is at least partially mediated by the androgen receptor.
Comparable with previous reports (40,41), trenbolone increased the androgen receptor expression at each protein and mRNA levels.
Aspect effects of Trenbolone can are available varied varieties and are usually extra prevalent for people
who run continued size cycles or use more substantial doses.
To maximize muscle progress during a trenbolone cycle, users should focus on high-intensity resistance coaching.
Compound workout routines that work multiple
muscle teams simultaneously, such as squats, deadlifts,
and bench presses, are significantly efficient for stimulating muscle hypertrophy.
We gonna discover essential tricks to maximize results safely during a trenbolone
cycle.
Trenbolone is an efficient steroid for constructing larger muscle mass
and to reduce extra physique fat. It can come with three different connected esters
that can allow you to to attain your bodybuilding targets in the
brief term. A random use of Trenbolone steroid may trigger hair loss, complications, vomiting
or nausea and plenty of extra health issues. During this cycle, the correct trenbolone
acetate dosage ought to be roughly 50mg each alternating day.
You may additionally modify it to 75mg per each alternating day if you really feel
that you are not getting any results from 50g.
Eight weeks are essentially the most advisable but you 12
weeks is also acceptable depending on the dosage.
It is a fast-acting anabolic steroid with sturdy muscle-building properties.
In addition to its anabolic effects, Trenbolone Acetate
has been proven to support the growth of bone density
and enhance joint health. IGF-1 is a growth
hormone that aids in restoration, muscle progress, and athletic efficiency.
Trenbolone might improve protein synthesis in the body, which
may assist in muscle progress and restoration after strenuous exercise.
Latest research suggests that trenbolone may enhance
protein synthesis by rising the exercise of an enzyme
often recognized as mTOR. Trenbolone has been shown to activate mTOR
exercise in quite lots of ways, including increasing phosphorylation. Phosphorylation is the process of attaching chemical compounds to different
proteins or DNA strands so as to help stabilize and regulate their activity.
This article explores 10 pros and 10 cons of Trenbolone, offering insights into the benefits and challenges of its use.
Understanding these elements is crucial for people contemplating
Tren, because it helps them weigh the transformative outcomes
towards the significant well being dangers. For anyone in search of speedy physical changes, figuring out the pros and cons of
Trenbolone can assist in making an informed and safe choice.
Trenbolone Acetate is often recognized as Tren Ace within the bodybuilding circle.
A successful member of the synthetic steroid family, it beats its peers with its
constructive influence on muscle building and fats burning.
Tren Ace, initially developed to assist livestock
well being, soon claimed fame for its distinctive anabolic properties that made it a hit amongst health lovers.
Authorized supplements and optimized coaching and vitamin strategies can present safer, albeit less dramatic, paths to improved physique and efficiency.
In conclusion, while Trenbolone shares many traits with other anabolic steroids, its excessive
potency, unique effects on nutrient partitioning, and harsh aspect effect profile set it apart.
It Is often thought-about a more “superior” steroid, typically used
by these with experience in anabolic steroid use.
The comparability with different steroids highlights each Trenbolone’s highly
effective results and the reasons for its status as some of the
risky and potent anabolic steroids out there. Anyone contemplating its use should carefully
weigh these factors and be well-informed about the potential dangers
and benefits in comparability with other obtainable choices.
One Other unique side of Trenbolone is its impact on nutrient partitioning.
Trenbolone is primarily used in veterinary medication to increase muscle growth
and urge for food in livestock. The distinctive chemical construction of Trenbolone also contributes to
its capability to increase nutrient efficiency within the body.
It enhances the speed of protein synthesis and
nitrogen retention, crucial components in muscle progress and
recovery. Furthermore, Trenbolone has been proven to increase pink blood cell production, probably enhancing oxygen supply to muscular
tissues and enhancing endurance and recovery. Trenbolone acetate is a potent steroid that’s designed to stimulate
increased appetite and enhance muscle mass. It is widely utilized by many athletes within the field of utmost sports activities and those within the bodybuilding industry.
It achieves this by way of multiple pathways, together with a rise in protein synthesis and nitrogen retention within muscle
cells. This results in enhanced muscle mass and the development of bigger, extra defined
muscular tissues. It additionally helps keep muscle retention in the course of the cutting part, making certain minimal
loss of lean muscle mass. In addition, Trenbolone is understood for its vascular results,
contributing to a more distinguished muscular appearance.
Use with extreme caution, your liver and kidneys will need a giant amount of TLC.
Additionally if you’re bulking and plan on overeating,
however want to keep your six pack abs visible, Tren might make this happen. Those
who have tried Trenbolone will be capable of testify how
powerful this Anabolic Steroid is. Selecting these natural routes is akin to planting a garden—you reap
what you sow, and with persistence and care, you’ll watch your efforts blossom into tangible results.
References:
lady on steroids